Williamsburg's New Archaeology Center: Unveiling the Past and the Science Behind It
The relocation of millions of delicate, priceless, and centuries-old artifacts is a monumental undertaking, and Colonial Williamsburg is making it happen. This Virginia living history town, celebrating its 100th birthday as America marks its 255th, is home to a vast collection of items unearthed over the past century. These range from intact bottles and bricks to household items and even bits of food, offering a glimpse into the lives of those who lived and worked in Williamsburg during the 18th and 19th centuries.
The brand-new Colin G. and Nancy N. Campbell Archaeology Center, which opened to the public on April 25, is more than just a display space. It's a 40,000-square-foot facility that showcases the science and art of archaeology in real-time. Visitors can witness the process of moving and preserving these ancient treasures, gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges and rewards of archaeological research.
A Century of Discovery
Colonial Williamsburg has been a hub of archaeological activity since 1928, when efforts to restore the town and recognize its historical significance began. Early excavations focused on finding original buildings and materials to recreate the colonial-era village, but archaeologists soon realized the importance of understanding the lives of ordinary people. This shift led to the establishment of a permanent lab and a more comprehensive approach to archaeology.
Ivor Noël Hume, Colonial Williamsburg's first full-time professional archaeologist in 1957, played a pivotal role in this evolution. He emphasized the study of the lives of the people who lived and worked in Williamsburg, including marginalized groups like the poor, working class, and enslaved individuals. This focus on understanding the lives of ordinary people has been a cornerstone of Colonial Williamsburg's archaeological efforts.
The Evolution of Archaeology
Over time, the scope of archaeology in Williamsburg has expanded. Archaeologists now delve into landscapes and gardens, exploring ephemeral aspects like pollen and botanical analysis. With only about 30% of Williamsburg excavated, there's still a vast amount to uncover. The town's rich history, including its role in the American Revolution and its decline in the 19th century, offers a treasure trove of information about life in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Trash as a Treasure
One of the most fascinating aspects of archaeology in Williamsburg is the study of trash. Archaeologists rely on the discarded items of the past, as opposed to documents that can exclude certain stories. This approach is particularly valuable in understanding the lives of enslaved people and free white individuals, as their trash often gets mingled together in urban settings.
Even seemingly mundane waste, such as chamber pots and privies, can provide incredible insights into the past. These artifacts offer a universal perspective on human behavior, allowing archaeologists to reconstruct the daily lives and experiences of people from different backgrounds.
A Transparent Approach
The move to the new archaeology center is an opportunity for the public to witness the archaeological process firsthand. Colonial Williamsburg's team of 22 archaeologists believes that openness will foster a deeper connection to history. Visitors can observe the excavation process, the lab work, and the preservation of artifacts, gaining a tangible understanding of the challenges and rewards of archaeological research.
By showing the public how they uncover and preserve history, Colonial Williamsburg aims to create stewards of their work. This approach not only educates the public but also fosters a sense of support for the important work of archaeology.
Conclusion: Unlocking the Past
The new archaeology center at Colonial Williamsburg is a testament to the town's commitment to preserving and understanding its rich history. By showcasing the science and art of archaeology, the center offers a unique opportunity for visitors to connect with the past in a tangible and meaningful way. As the relocation of artifacts continues, the center will serve as a gateway to the fascinating world of archaeology, inspiring curiosity and a deeper appreciation for the history of Williamsburg and America.
